backward

音标发音

adj性质的同根词
back：后面的；过去的；拖欠的。
backed：有背的；有财力支持的。
backless：无背的；无靠背的；无后盾的。
backmost：最后面的。
adv性质的同根词
back：以前；向后地；来回地；上溯。
backwards：倒；向后；逆。
n性质的同根词
back：后面；背部；靠背；足球等的后卫；书报等的末尾。
backing：支持；后退；支持者；衬背。
backwardness：落后；迟疑；畏缩；腼腆。
v性质的同根词
backing：支持（back的ing形式）。
backed：支持；使后退（back的过去分词）。
vi性质的同根词
back：后退；背靠；倒退。
vt性质的同根词
back：支持；后退；背书；下赌注。

backward用作形容词的基本意思是“向后的；朝后的；倒退的；反向的”，引申可表示“(季节)晚了；慢手慢脚的；落后的；迟钝的；迟疑的，羞怯的，畏缩的”。
backward作“向后的；朝后的”解时只用在名词前作定语；作“倒退的；反向的”“(季节)晚了；慢手慢脚的；落后的；迟钝的”解时可作表语或定语；作“迟疑的，羞怯的，畏缩的”解时通常只作表语。
backward后面接介词in表示“在某方面落后”。
backward作“落后的；迟钝的”“羞怯的，畏缩的”解时可用于比较等级，作其他各解时不用于比较等级。
在美式英语中backward可作副词。

(NOT INTELLIGENT/MODERN) not advanced
(OPPOSITE DIRECTION) towards the direction that is the opposite to the one in which you are facing
→ backwards

A backward movement or look is in the direction that your back is facing.
If someone takes a backward step or a step backward, they do something that does not change or improve their situation, but causes them to go back a stage.
A backward country or society does not have modern industries and machines.
A backward child has difficulty in learning.
If you move or look backward, you move or look in the direction that your back is facing.
If you do something backward, you do it in the opposite way to the usual way.
You use backward to indicate that something changes or develops in a way that is not an improvement, but is a return to old ideas or methods.
If someone or something moves backward and forward, they move repeatedly first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.