hard

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音标发音

英式音标 [hɑːd]
美式音标 [hɑːrd]
国际音标 [hɑ:d]
英式发音
美式发音

基本解释

adj. 努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的
adv. 努力地；困难地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地
n. （Hard）人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德

词源解说

直接源自古英语的heard，意为固体的，结实的，不软的；最初源自原始日耳曼语的kharthus。

同根派生

adj性质的同根词
hardened：变硬的；坚定的。
hardy：坚强的；勇敢的；能吃苦耐劳的；鲁莽的。
n性质的同根词
hardship：困苦；苦难；艰难险阻。
hardness：[物]硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷。
hardy：强壮的人；耐寒植物；方柄凿。
hardening：硬化；淬火；锻炼。
v性质的同根词
hardened：坚定，变硬（harden的过去分词）。
hardening：硬化；使强壮（harden的ing形式）。
vi性质的同根词
harden：变硬，变坚固；变坚强；变冷酷。
vt性质的同根词
harden：使…变硬；使…坚强；使…冷酷；使…麻木不仁。

hard相关词

用法辨析

adj. (形容词)

hard作“困难的”解时,指要消耗很大的体力去做某事,有时也指精神上的困难。
hard还可表示“费力的,费神的,艰难的” “持强硬态度的,不妥协的,不让步的” “有力的,猛烈的,严厉的” “困苦的,难以忍受的” “(声音)刺耳的,(颜色)刺目的” “酒精含量高的”等。
hard在句中可用作定语或表语,其后可跟for〔to, with〕等介词短语、动词不定式、that从句。
hard是对主语具有评价意义的形容词,说明主语在哪方面“难”。接动词不定式时,句子的主语不是该不定式的主语,而是该不定式的宾语。

adv. (副词)

hard修饰动态动词,位于实义动词之后。
hard一般表示“困难的”。This is a hard question to answer. 这是个难题，不好回答。
hard在hard of hearing（有些聋的）中有特殊含义“艰难的”，注意不适合用在别处；
hard后可接of和表示动作的名词。This food is hard of digestion. 这个食物很难消化。
注意hard一般不会和impossible连用，可选择将difficult同impossible连用。It is hard, if not impossible. 这个表达是错误的。

英汉例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语: ～+ n.

Make a hard knot.
打一个结实的结。

n. +～

That's a hill hard to climb.
那是座难爬的山。

用作表语: S+be+～

This bit of wood feels hard.
这块木头摸起来很硬。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

This job will be hard for me.
这工作对我来说将会是很困难的。

S+be+～+(for sb) to- v

The poem is hard to understand.
这首诗难懂。

S+be+～+that-clause

This candy is so hard that no one can chew it.
这种糖太硬,没人嚼得动。

It is/was+～+(for sb) to- v

It's hard to know what he's really thinking.
很难知道他到底在想什么。

用作宾语补足语: S+V+O+～

Regular physical exercises soon made the boys hard.
经常的运动使那些男孩的身体很快变结实了。

用作副词 (adv.)

用作状语

They tried hard to succeed.
他们尽力设法取得成功。

hard更多例句

词组短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

hard bargain 大肆讨价还价
hard customer 挑剔的顾客
hard face 难看的脸
hard heart 铁石心肠
hard job 艰苦的工作

hard更多词组

英英字典

剑桥英英字典

(SOLID) not easy to bend, cut, or break
(DIFFICULT) difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with
(USING EFFORT) needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort
(SEVERE) not pleasant or gentle; severe
(ALCOHOL) A hard drink contains a high level of alcohol.
(WATER) Hard water contains a high level of minerals that prevent soap from cleaning.
(CLEAR) able to be proved
(WEATHER) used to describe a time when there is bad weather
(USING EFFORT) with a lot of physical or mental effort
(WEATHER) If it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot.

柯林斯英英字典

Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.
hardness
Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.
If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.
Hard is also an adjective.
Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort.
If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.
Hard is also an adjective.
If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.
Hard is also an adjective.
You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.
If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy.
If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.
Hard is also an adverb.
If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.
If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you.
hardness
Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.
Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.
If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.
To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. ...
If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.

专业释义

经济学

（货币）可兑换黄金的
（钱币）金属制的
硬的

医药科学

结实又硬的
（身体）结实的

交通运输工程

到极限地

化学

安定的，难合成的；(化学制品)难分解的
（洗涤剂等）非生物降解性的
硬的

物理学

(x射线等)具强大穿透力的，硬(性)的

航空、航天科学技术

(飞行器着陆)硬的，碰撞的

军事学

设重防的；(导弹发射场等)设于地下的

摄影

（底片等）高反差的

食品科学技术

坚硬的

计算机科学技术

硬的