动词的变化

1)代词及be动词

主格 I we you you she/he/it they

宾格 me us you you her/him/it them

代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be动词现在时 Am are are are is are

be动词过去时 was were were were was were

2)名词的复数

规则变化的名词复数形式

规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches

规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

3)动词的第三人称单数形式

规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

4)动词现在分词

规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

规则3 重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

5)动词过去式

规则动词变化规则1一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

规则2以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived

规则3以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

规则4重读闭音节词结尾， 即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

过去式的读音

在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched

在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated

6)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

比较级

规则1一般加-er e.g. high-higher

规则2以e结尾加-r nice-nicer

规则3以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier规则4重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter

最高级

规则1一般加-est e.g. high-highest

规则2以e结尾加-st nice-nicest

规则3以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest

规则4重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest

7)常见缩写：

is='s I am=I'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

have='ve

has='s

have not=haven't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't