honour

常用用法

honour是英国的拼法,美国的拼法是honor。它的基本意思是“尊敬”,多指公开对对方的人格、地位、行为或能力表示敬意、尊重,引申可表示“使增光”“给…以荣誉”“给…授勋(或颁奖等)”“执行(协议、合同等)”等; 用在商业上则指“承兑”,指承认并如期支付支票或其他的票据等。
I〔We〕 am〔are〕 honoured在客套语中,多用来表示说话人对某件事的态度,其后可接动词不定式或从句。

两者意思并不相同:in one's honour的意思是“为了祝贺某人”,而on one's honour的意思则是“以人格担保”。例如:
The Chinese residents of San Francisco gave a party in our honour.旧金山的华侨为我们举行了欢迎宴会。
He was on his honour not to tell the secret.他以名誉担保不把这个秘密告诉别人。

这三个词都可作“奖励”解。其区别在于:
1.award指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经评定后正式授予的奖励; prize指确认某人在竞赛中所获得的优异成绩并给予特殊的奖励,也含有优胜者几经拼搏、胜利来之不易的意思; honour可指正式授予的精神奖励,也可指个人在公开场合下对某人所表达的高度评价与尊敬。例如:
The new library has won an architectural award.新图书馆赢得了建筑奖。
He finished only a yard behind the winner of the race but he had to be content with the second prize.比赛到达终点时,他虽仅以一码之差输给了第一名,但获得了二等奖他也应心满意足了。
She brought honour to her family.她给家庭带来了荣誉。
2.award, prize既可指精神上的奖励,也可指物质上的奖励; honour只指精神奖励。例如:
The Golden Rooster Award is given out once a year.每年授予一次金鸡奖。
Her book gained several literary prizes.她写的书获得好几种文学奖。
Such a man is honour to his country.这种人是国家的光荣。

这组词都可指在公众中的“名声”“声誉”。其区别在于:
1.reputation强调在人们心目中的印象,即公众评价,一般译为“名誉”; fame强调本身品质的高尚、能力高超、业绩非凡,一般译为“(较高的)知名度”; honour强调因本身的忠心、诚实和优良品质而获得的好名声、荣誉。例如:
His fame spread all over the country.他名扬全国。
Edison is a man of world-wide reputation.爱迪生是一个举世闻名的人。
He has received many honours for his research into cancer.他因在癌症方面的研究工作而得到了许多荣誉。
2.fame用于人; reputation和honour可用于人,也可用于事物。例如:
She didn't pursue fame.她不追求名声。
This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.这家商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
3.fame和reputation可用于好名声,也可用于坏名声; honour一般只用于好的“荣誉”。例如:
She is a woman of ill fame.她是个名声不好的女人。
A few years after his graduation from a university the man acquired the reputation of being a philosopher.这个人从大学毕业后不久就获得了哲学家的名声。
The winning of the Nobel Prize is one of the highest honours an author can achieve.获得诺贝尔奖金是一个作家能够获得的最高荣誉之一。

这组词的共同意思是“敬意”。其区别在于:honour指承认对方的人格、地位、行为或能力,从而表示敬意; deference指对长辈或应予以尊敬的人表示敬意和礼貌,并尊重其意愿与要求; homage除具有honour之意外,还表示更大的赞许和敬意; reverence指深刻的尊敬与爱心。

这几个词都有“尊敬,尊重”的意思。其区别在于:respect指对人的意见,行为,品德及才华等的尊重; esteem和regard比respect庄重,程度也更进一步,指十分尊重,并含有爱戴的意思; honour指公开表示尊重; adore在口语中还有非常喜欢的意思,作“敬爱,崇拜,爱慕”解。例如:
He was such a selfless man; everybody respected him. 他是这样一个大公无私的人,人人都尊敬他。
The old teacher was much loved and esteemed.这位老教师很受大家的爱戴。
I have always regarded him highly.我一直很尊重他。
He adores a famous scientist.他崇拜一位著名的科学家。
Flowers are placed before his grave to honour his memory.人们在他墓前放上鲜花以表示对他的敬意。